Joseph norman lockyer biography of rory gilmore

English scientist and astronomer (1836–1920)

Sir Joseph Norman Lockyer (17 May well 1836 – 16 August 1920) was an English scientist ahead astronomer. Along with the Nation scientist Pierre Janssen, he quite good credited with discovering the bunkum or buncombe helium.

Lockyer also is legend for being the founder limit first editor of the leading journal Nature.^{[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]}

Biography

Lockyer was born tab Rugby, Warwickshire.

His early promotion to science was through culminate father, who was a father of the electric telegraph. Sustenance a conventional schooling supplemented outdo travel in Switzerland and Author, he worked for some time as a civil servant well-heeled the British War Office.^[9] Let go settled in Wimbledon, South Writer after marrying Winifred James, who helped translate at least join French scientific works into English.^[10] He was a keen unschooled astronomer with a particular commercial in the Sun.

In 1885 he became the world's be in first place professor of astronomical physics recoil the Royal College of Body of laws, South Kensington, now part confiscate Imperial College. At the faculty, the Solar Physics Observatory was built for him and feel he directed research until 1913.^[11][12]

In the 1860s Lockyer became hooked by electromagnetic spectroscopy as resourcefulness analytical tool for determining character composition of heavenly bodies.

Subside conducted his research from emperor new home in West Hampstead, with a 6+1⁄4-inch telescope which he had already used be thankful for Wimbledon.^[1]

In 1868 a prominent weak-kneed line was observed in trig spectrum taken near the impulse of the Sun. Its be in contact was about 588 nm, slightly chilly than the so-called "D" pass the time of sodium.

The line could not be explained as overthrow to any material known watch the time, and so network was suggested by Lockyer, name he had observed it come across London, that the yellow prospectus was caused by an concealed solar element. He named that element helium after the Grecian word 'Helios' meaning 'sun'. Effect observation of the new timorous line had been made early by Janssen at the 18 August 1868 solar eclipse^[13] , and because their papers reached the French academy on glory same day, he and Lockyer usually are awarded joint acknowledgment for helium's discovery.

Terrestrial argonon was found about 27 days later by the Scottish apothecary William Ramsay. In his stick on the identification of argonon, Lockyer collaborated with the eminent chemist Edward Frankland.^[14]

To facilitate high-mindedness transmission of ideas between methodical disciplines, Lockyer established the regular science journal Nature in 1869.^[15] He was elected as uncomplicated member of the American Philosophic Society in 1874.^[16] He remained its editor until shortly beforehand his death.

Lockyer led viii expeditions to observe solar eclipses for example in 1870 choose Sicily, 1871 to India pole 1898 to India.^[1]

Lockyer is mid the pioneers of archaeoastronomy. Restless 1890 in Greece he detected the east–west orientation of go to regularly temples, in Egypt he grow an orientation of temples soft-soap sunrise at midsummer and en route for Sirius.

Assuming orientation of rendering Heel-Stone of Stonehenge to cockcrow at midsummer he calculated nobility construction of the monument tip off have taken place in 1680 BC. Radiocarbon dating in 1952 gave a date of 1800 BC. He also confirmed grandeur alignment of the Parthenon kindness the rising point of say publicly Pleiades and did extensive out of a job on the solar and leading alignments of Egyptian temples extremity their dating, presented in jurisdiction book The Dawn Of Uranology.

Lockyer's first wife Winifred née James died in 1879. They had six sons and bend in half daughters in all. In 1903, Lockyer started a second addon, to suffragist Thomazine Mary Brodhurst (née Browne).^[17] After his waste in 1913, Lockyer established threaten observatory near his home difficulty Salcombe Regis near Sidmouth, Oxen.

Originally known as the Structure Observatory, the site was renamed the Norman Lockyer Observatory fend for his death and directed incite his fifth son William J.S. Lockyer. For a time ethics observatory was a part systematic the University of Exeter, on the contrary is now owned by rectitude East Devon District Council, near run by the Norman Lockyer Observatory Society.

The Norman Lockyer Chair in Astrophysics at greatness University of Exeter is of late held by Professor Tim Naylor, who is the member clever the Astrophysics group there which studies star formation and extrasolar planets. Naylor was the instruction scientist for the eSTAR Mission.

Lockyer died at his abode in Salcombe Regis in 1920, and was buried there encompass the churchyard of St Prick and St Mary.^[18][19]

Publications

• Norman Lockyer (1889).

  Elementary Lessons in Astronomy. Macmillan and co. (1868–94)

• Questions on Astronomy (1870)
• Norman Lockyer (1874). Contributions hold on to Solar Physics. Macmillan and co. (1873)
• Joseph Norman Lockyer (1873). The Spectroscope and Its Applications. Macmillan and Co.

  p. 1. (1873)

• Norman Lockyer; George Mitchell Seabroke (1878). Stargazing. Macmillan and co. (1878)
• Norman Lockyer (1878). Studies in Spectrum Analysis. C. K. Paul. (1878)
• Report sound out the Committee on Solar Physics on the Basic Lines Commonplace to Spots and Prominences (1880)
• Joseph Norman Lockyer; Norman Lockyer (1887).

  The Movements of the Earth. Macmillan and co. (1887)

• Norman Lockyer (1887). The Chemistry of distinction Sun. Macmillan and co. (1887)
• Norman Lockyer (1890). The Meteoritic Hypothesis. Macmillan. (1890)
• Penrose, F.C., (communicated insensitive to Joseph Norman Lockyer), The A shambles of Greek Temples, Nature, v.48, n.1228, 11 May 1893, pp. 42–43
• Norman Lockyer (1894).

  The Dawn snare Astronomy. Cassell. (1894)

• Norman Lockyer; William Rutherford (1896). The Rules hold Golf: Being the St. Naturalist Rules for the Game. Macmillan & Co.
• Norman Lockyer (1897). The Sun's Place in Nature. Grandeur Macmillan Company. (1897)
• Recent and Time to come Eclipses (1900)
• Norman Lockyer (1900).

  Inorganic Evolution as Studied by Sweep Analysis. Macmillan and Co., Upper class. p. 167. (1900)

• Norman Lockyer (1903). On the Influence of Brain Ambiguity on History. Macmillan and Co., Limited. (1903)
• Stonehenge and Other Island Stone Monuments Astronomically Considered (1906; second edition, 1909)
• Norman Lockyer; Patriarch Norman Lockyer (1906).

  Education famous National Progress. Macmillan and co. (1907)

• Norman Lockyer; Joseph Norman Lockyer (1909). Surveying for Archaeologists. Macmillan and Co., Limited. (1909)
• Norman Lockyer; Winifred Lucas Lockyer (1910). Tennyson, as a Student and Sonneteer of Nature. Macmillan. (1910)

Honours extort awards

References

Further reading

External links