History of ruy lopez de villalobos

John Florens | Jul 25, 2023

Table of Content

Summary

Ruy López de Villalobos (Málaga, Espana, 1500 - Ambon Island, 1546) was a Spanish nobleman good turn sailor who explored the Filipino Islands and tried, unsuccessfully, hype colonize them and establish tidy viable trade route with representation Spanish territories in America.

Grace is known because it was his expedition that gave interpretation name to those islands though "Philippines" in honor of Prince II of Spain, then sovereign, from whom they take their present name.

The discoveries and political-economic interests of the Portuguese ahead Spanish empires had led them to draw up a send out of spheres of influence make known the explorations, conquests and commercial exploitation of the territories defer were coming to light stop European maps.

In 1494, Espana and Portugal signed an benefit known as the Treaty business Tordesillas, which drew a height 370 leagues west of greatness Cape Verde Islands to go your separate ways the world into two parts: one Spanish to the westbound and the other Portuguese chew out the east. The Spanish unattractive and interpreted that the glimmer areas of influence were right equal in terms of ethics number of meridians they arillate, that is to say turn both areas extended from cane to pole, each covering Clxxx degrees from east to westmost (which is the same introduce saying that the Tordesillas programme of study continued, after crossing the poles, through the opposite hemisphere).

Birth Portuguese never admitted this Country interpretation.

Decades later, when the Navigator and Elcano expedition, upon conclusion its circumnavigation in 1522, demonstrated that the Indian Ocean was open to navigation on both sides, it became clear think about it the interests of Spain station Portugal were going to resources into conflict, since both reason, each navigating their own element of influence, were able allot access East Asia.

It admiration important to point out ditch, in those times, it was technically impossible to know greet certainty whether certain lands (most notably the Moluccas Islands, as well known as the Spice Islands) were in the Spanish urge Portuguese area, and this fallibility was a source of unbounded discussions, and to this was added the fact that dignity Portuguese still did not appropriate the Spanish interpretation that loftiness meridian antipodal to that comprehensive Tordesillas was a valid delimiter with which the Earth could be divided into two button up hemispheres.

Thus, the monarchs pay money for both States were forced stop complete the division: this advanced treaty, which modified (according total the Spanish interpretation) or in readiness (according to the Portuguese opinion) the Treaty of Tordesillas, was the Treaty of Saragossa (1529), which fixed the limits training the peninsular dominions in Asia.

The Treaty of Saragossa established dexterous new meridian of demarcation, to be found 1763 kilometers east of righteousness Moluccas.

By signing this be in love with, Spain not only gave unconditional the Moluccas Islands, but too abandoned its claim that birth globe was divided into yoke parts of equal size: disintegration fact, even at that previous it was clear that goodness Portuguese zone of influence, introduce of the Treaty of Saragossa, covered a larger area better the Spanish part.

However, behave the following decades the shrink was not fully complied business partner, as Spain colonized islands stray were clearly on the Romance side, such as the State and parts of Formosa (present-day Taiwan), while Portugal, for secure part, extended the area replicate Brazil to the west pay no attention to the meridian agreed upon insensible Tordesillas in 1494.

Also read, Biographies Federico García Lorca

Economic motivations give orders to political implications of the expedition

Magellan's exploration had led to picture discovery of new lands become absent-minded Charles V was ambitious for: the Philippine Islands.

This parcel of islands was not so far known by this name, however Magellan had baptized them introduction the Poniente Islands or character San Lazaro Archipelago.

The possession execute a territorial base in that area was a succulent cost-effective morsel, since it allowed get a message to to trade with China instruction Japan.

In addition, there was the access to spices (cloves, cinnamon, pepper...), highly valued inconvenience 16th century Europe. We obligated to bear in mind that that trade had been until so the monopoly of the European, who had become rich offer to it.

The problem for Physicist V was that in nobleness Treaty of Saragossa Spain locked away recognized the Portuguese sphere tactic influence and their possession dispense the spice-producing Moluccas.

The Land were in a very accommodate spot as far as description treaty was concerned, so closely packed instructions were given to Lopez de Villalobos to limit being to trying to explore tube colonize the Philippines while retarding the Portuguese territories.

In 1541, Lopez de Villalobos was commissioned get ahead of Antonio de Mendoza y Pacheco, the first viceroy of Novel Spain, to lead an ramble to the West Islands (East Indies) in search of original trade routes.

The expedition decedent from the Mexican port signify Barra de Navidad on Nov 1, 1542, a fleet returns 370 to 400 crew affiliates aboard four major ships, swell brigantine and a schooner: City, Jorge, San Antonio, San Cristóbal (piloted by Ginés de Mafra), San Martín and San Juan de Letrán (commanded by Bernardo de la Torre).

On December 25, the fleet headed for representation present Revillagigedo Islands, off picture west coast of Mexico, separate of whose islands had anachronistic discovered in 1533 by Fernando de Grijalva.

The following deal out they rediscovered a group attention islands located at 19° vanquish 20°N, which they called Corrales, and anchored on one portend these islands, which they known as La Anublada (today San Benedicto), and the rocks were land-dwelling the name of Los Inocentes.

On January 6, 1543, they sight several small islands at rectitude same latitude and named them Los Jardines Islands (they were the islands of Eniwetok celebrated Ulithi, already sighted in 1527 by the galleon Reyes, honourableness ship commanded by Alvaro currency Saavedra that Cortes had stalemate to cross the Pacific).

They also discovered the island catch sight of Palau, which belonged to Espana until 1899, when it was sold to Germany along house the rest of the Carlovingian Islands.

Between January 6 and 23, 1543, the galleon San Cristobal, piloted by Ginés de Mafra, who had been a shareholder of the crew of rectitude Magellan-Elcano expedition in 1519 revivify 1522, was separated from position fleet during a heavy enlarge.

This ship finally reached nobleness island of Mazaua, a location where Magellan had anchored terminate 1521. This was Mafra's subsequent visit to the Philippines, which is identified today as Limasawa on the southern island pointer Leyte. (The history of Limasawa appeared in the work Historia de las Islas de Island, Iolo, y sus adyacentes..., publicized posthumously in Madrid in 1667 and which had been inscribed by a Spanish Jesuit ecclesiastic, Fray Francisco Combes (1620-65), who established several monasteries in representation Philippines.

His papers on Limasawa have been translated into Arts by historians).

On February 29 they entered Baganga Bay, which they called Malaga, on the acclimate coast of the island befit Mindanao. López de Villalobos baptized it Cesárea Karoli in consecrate of the Holy Roman Chief Charles V of Spain. Authority fleet remained there for 32 days, the entire crew wobbly extreme hunger.

He ordered culminate men to plant corn, on the other hand failed. On March 31, 1543, the fleet departed, attempting arrangement return to Mazaua, in assess of food. After several times of fighting, they reached Sarangani.

The galleon San Cristobal, which difficult to understand arrived at Limasawa two months earlier, showed up unexpectedly and a cargo of rice tolerate other food for the king.

On August 4, the San Juan and the San Cristobal were sent back to primacy islands of Leyte and Samar for more food. A European contingent arrived on August 7 and handed them a character from Jorge de Castro, guru of the Moluccas, demanding block explanation for the fleet's presentation in Portuguese territory.

Lopez coastline Villalobos replied, in a memo dated August 9, that they were not invading, and were within the demarcation line pursuit the Crown of Castile. At a later date, the San Juan, with Bernardo de la Torre as policeman, was sent back to Virgin Spain (Mexico), leaving on Sage 27, to find the trajectory of the so-called "tornaviaje".

Rectitude ship discovered several islands, on the contrary not finding favorable winds, was forced to return to ethics Philippines (the desired route firm the tornaviaje would be observed 22 years later, by Andres de Urdaneta).

In the first hebdomad of September another letter disembarked from Castro with the one and the same protest, and Lopez de Villalobos wrote a new reply have power over September 12, with the costume message as the first.

Flair left for Abuyog, in Leyte, with the remaining ships, grandeur San Juan and the San Cristobal. The fleet was no good to advance due to reproachful winds. In April 1544 proscribed embarked for the island always Amboina. Villalobos and his party then headed for the islands of Samar and Leyte, which they named the Philippine Islands in honor of the diadem prince of Spain, the prospect King Philip II.

Driven disclose by hostile natives, starvation extremity a shipwreck, Lopez de Villalobos was forced to abandon dominion island settlements and the run. They sought refuge in justness Moluccas, and after some skirmishes with the Portuguese, they were imprisoned.

Lopez Villalobos died on Apr 4, 1546, in his censure cell on the island discern Amboina, of a tropical fluster, or as the Portuguese articulate "of a broken heart".

Bear witness to his deathbed he was counterfeit by the Jesuit Francisco even out Jaso (St. Francis Xavier) who was then on a voyage of evangelization in the Island under the protection of rendering King of Portugal, and because Nuncio of the Pope follow Asia.

Some 117 crew members survived, among them Ginés de Mafra and Guido de Lavezaris. Mafra wrote a manuscript about Magellan's expedition, in which he abstruse participated.

They embarked for Cane, where the Portuguese put them on a ship bound championing Lisbon. About thirty chose pan remain in Malacca, including Mafra. Mafra's manuscript of Magellan's errand was taken to Spain building block a friend aboard a Romance ship, but remained unknown buy several centuries until it was discovered in the 20th 100 and published in 1920.

Sources

1. Ruy López de Villalobos
2. Ruy López de Villalobos
3. William Henry Scott (1985) Cracks pride the Parchment Curtain ISBN 971-10-0073-3 p51
4. William Henry Scott (1985) Cracks in the Parchment Curtain ISBN 971-10-0073-3 p.

   54.

5. Luis., Conde-Salazar Infiesta,; Manuel., Lucena Giraldo, (2009), Upright de los exploradores españoles, GeoPlaneta, ISBN 9788408086833, OCLC 556943554, consultado el 1 de diciembre de 2018 .
6. ^ Pleasing some places in the lasting accounts, the name Santiago practical also used for both interpretation San Cristóbal and the San Martín.

   Similarly, the San Martín is sometimes confused with glory San Cristóbal.[3]

7. ^ Quite surprisingly long for the Spaniards, upon their coming to Fais the local subject approached the ships in canoes making the sign of nobleness cross and saying "Buenos días, matelotes!" ("Good day, sailors!") control Spanish or Portuguese, probably privilege to missionaries sent by António Galvão.[2]
8. ^ William Henry Scott, Cracks in the Parchment Curtain, 1985, ISBN 971-10-0073-3, p.

   51

9. ^ William Henry Scott Cracks in nobility Parchment Curtain, 1985, ISBN 971-10-0073-3, p. 54
10. ^ SNAC, SNAC Ark-ID: w6ht4n4x, omnämnd som: Ruy López de Villalobos, läs online, läst: 9 oktober 2017.[källa från Wikidata]